新历史主义与中国的莎士比亚剧作研究

本文对20世纪以来西方的现代莎剧研究做了简要的回顾，主要着眼点为从“角色研究”到“形式主义批评”再到“历史化批评”的数个研究范式的转换，并着力分析各自所带来的问题，着重讨论新历史主义对这些问题的应对，以便指出其对于莎剧研究的推进作用。在接下来的部分中，本文对中国的莎剧研究也做了概述，并在与新历史主义进行对比的基础上，指出很多学者仍不愿意做方法论方面的自我反思且对文本读得不够细致。这些都是中国的莎士比亚研究无法进入国际学术主流的原因所在。基于此，作者对中国的莎剧研究乃至于整个文学研究提出了一些建设性的意见。

This article briefly traces the development of modem Western Shakespeare studies, with its emphasis on the paradigm shifts from ＂Character Studies＂ through ＂Formalist Criticism＂ to ＂Historical Criticism＂, examining the problems that they gave rise to. Then an analysis is conducted on how the New Historicism addresses these problems in an attempt to point out how it enhances Shakespeare studies. In the ensuing parts, a brief introduction of Shakespeare studies in China is provided. By comparing it with the New Historicist doctrine, this article attempts to show that many Chinese scholars of Shakespeare studies are still reluctant to conduct self-reflections on methodology and thereby fail to read the original carefully, which has certainly prevented China＇s Shakespeare studies from being recognized by international academia. Finally, the author puts forward some consmactive suggestions for Chinas Shakespeare studies as well as literary studies in general.