鄂尔多斯黄河南岸灌区大首部滴灌设计及应用

Study on Large Head Drip Irrigation Technology of the South Irrigation Area in Ordos of Yellow River

大首部滴灌技术的应用是提高灌区灌溉水利用效率、缓解水资源供需矛盾的重要措施之一,以鄂尔多斯市黄河南岸灌区大首部滴灌技术设计为例进行分析,依据大首部工作原理、结构组成、工程布置原则、工程设计要求等对朝凯村控制面积72.0 hm2的大首部滴灌系统和昌汉白村控制面积270.0 hm2的大首部滴灌系统进行设计,对其关键技术参数进行分析,经监测实际运行状况良好;得出滴灌大首部各部分的技术参数应依据大首部设计的原则并结合具体工程实际确定;滴灌大首部的关键环节是沉沙和过滤系统,其中沉沙系统由进水闸、沉沙池、吸水槽等组成;过滤系统采用沙石和叠片式两级过滤;滴灌大首部系统集沉沙与过滤系统为一体,具有成本低、效率高、高度集成的优点,一个大首部可替代灌区多个传统小首部,灌溉效益、社会效益和生态效益显著。

The application of large head drip irrigation technology is one of the important measures to improve the use efficiency of irrigation water and to alleviate the contradiction between supply and demand of water resources. Based on the analysis of the technical design of large head drip irrigation in the south bank of the Yellow River irrigation area in Ordos City as an example, the Chaokai Village large head drip irrigation system with the control area of 72.0 hm2and Changhanbai Village large head drip irrigation system with control area of 270.0 hm^2 were designed and the key technical parameters were calculated and analyzed according to the working principle, structure composition, the principles of engineering layout and the design requirements of the engineering of large head system, the actual operation was in good condition by monitoring. The study results are concluded as follows： the technical parameters of the various parts of large head drip irrigation should be determined according to the principle of the design of large head and the actual engineering; The main technology of the drip irrigation large head system is the grit chamber and the filtration system, in which the grit chamber is usually composed of inlet sluice, grit chamber, suction sump, etc.; The filtration system generally adopts gravel and laminated two-stage filtration; Drip irrigation large head system is a whole set of grit chamber and the filtration system, with the advantages of low cost, high efficiency and high integration. A large head can replace a number of traditional small head, in which the irrigation benefits, social benefits and ecological benefits are remarkable.