2014—2017年全国邮路口岸核与辐射监测情况分析

Analysis of radiation excessive cases at postal ports of China,2014-2017

目的分析全国邮路口岸核与辐射超标案例检出与处置情况,为做好邮路口岸放射性物质监测提供参考。方法根据口岸核生化有害因子监测技术方案(第二版),采用通道式与便携式核与辐射有害因子监测设备对入境邮包进行放射性监测,并对2014—2017年全国邮路口岸发现的超标案例进行统计分析。结果 2014—2017年,全国29个地区56个邮路口岸共检出13起放射性物质超标案例。其中2014、2015年各检出1起,2016年5起,2017年6起。主要来源于矿砂矿石(30.77%)、镜头(30.77%)、废旧无线电发射装备(15.38%)、新型装饰材料(7.69%)、无纺布(7.69%)、金属搁物架(7.69%)共6类。入境口岸集中在浙江(9起)、上海(2起)、湖南(1起)、山东(1起)4个地区;来源国家以日本为主(38.46%)。后续处置有退运(76.92%)、放行(15.38%)和移交环保部门(7.69%)3种方式。结论应继续加强邮路口岸核与辐射有害因子监测工作,尤其关注日本来源的邮包,并完善后续处置方式。

Objective To analyze the detection and disposal of nuclear and radiation violations in postal ports,and to provide a reference for radioactivity monitor in postal ports.Methods According to the technical solutions for nuclear and radiation monitor,biological and chemical harmful factors at port（2^nd edition）,the detection devices such as channel and portable instrument were adopted to check the radioactivity of imported postal parcels,and the cases of postal ports in 2014-2017 were statistically analyzed.Results In 2014-2017,a total of 13 nuclear and radiation cases were detected at 56 postal ports in 29 regions of the country,including 1 in 2014,1 in 2015,5 in 2016 and6 in 2017,with the sources including ores（30.77%）,the lens（30.77%）,old radio transmitters（15.38%）,new decorative materials（7.69%）,non woven cloth（7.69%） and metal rack（7.69%）.All these cases detected by postal ports of Zhejiang（9 cases）,Shanghai（2 cases）,Hunan（1 case）,and Shandong（1 case）,and came mainly from Japan（38.46%）.Subsequent disposal ways included returning（76.92%）,releasing after screening（15.38%）,and handing over to the environmental protection department（7.69%）.Conclusion Radiation surveillance at postal ports should be strengthened,and Japan＇s source mail package should be focused on especially.What ＇s more,the subsequent disposal ways should be improved at the same time.