四季报春花蕾大小及花粉发育时期其愈伤组织诱导率的相关性

Correlation between Bud Size and Callus Formation Rate at Pollen Development Stage of Primula obconica

为提高花药培养取材的准确性,本研究以四季报春的花蕾为材料,取其花药用卡宝品红染色压片法制片,在光学显微镜下观察二型花柱的不同花蕾大小其花粉发育情况,并探讨四季报春花蕾大小与花粉发育时期的相关性及每个花粉发育时期其花药愈伤组织的诱导率。结果发现:四季报春的成熟花粉粒为三核型,有三个萌发孔,二型花柱的花粉发育时期有较高的同步性,当花蕾长度为1.49～1.99 mm时,为花粉发育的四分体时期;长度为2.00～5.49 mm时,为花粉发育的单核高峰期;长度大于5.50 mm时,基本为花粉发育的后期,进一步研究发现,当花粉发育时期为单核靠边期(花蕾长度为3.00～5.49 mm)时,其花药愈伤组织诱导率最高,是花药培养的最适时期。本研究结果为获得单倍体植株提供理论依据。

To improve the accuracy of anther culture, the buds of Primula obconica were selected as the material in this study. Carbol fuchsin staining and tabletting method was used to make the slice of its anther. The pollen development of distyly of different bud sizes was observed under the optical microscope, and the correlation between bud size and pollen development stage of P. obconica was explored and the induction rate of anther callus in each pollen development stage was investigated. The results showed that the mature pollen of P. obconica was in trikaryotype, which had three germinal apertures. The pollen development stage of distyly had higher synchronicity. When the bud size was 1.49-1.99 mm, it was at tetrad stage. Meanwhile the pollen was at the uninucleate peak stage when the bud size was 2.00-5.49 mm. Moreover, when the bud size was longer than 5.50 mm, the pollen was at the late stage of development. Further study found that when the pollen development was at late uninucleate stage （flower bud length ranged from 3.00-5.49 mm）, the callus induction rate was the highest, which was the most suitable time for anther culture. The result of this study could provide theoretical basis for the obtain of haploid plants.