哮喘儿童变应原皮试临床分析

Clinical Analysis of Allergen Skin Test in Children with Asthma

目的 :探讨儿童哮喘的常见变应原和哮喘儿童进行变应原皮肤试验的病例选择指征。方法 :随机选择 2 0 0例支气管哮喘儿童 ,按年龄、性别、既往过敏病史、家庭过敏病史分组进行变应原皮肤试验 ,并对结果进行总结分析。结果 :(1)屋尘、粉尘螨、多价昆虫皮肤试验阳性率 (5 6 %、49%、39% )明显高于其它变应原皮肤试验的阳性率 (0～16 % )。 (2 ) 4～ 6岁组、7～ 14岁组、家族阳性过敏病史组变应原皮肤试验阳性率 (79.6 1%、82 .0 5 %、6 9.15 % )明显高于≤ 3岁组和家族阴性过敏病史组 (39.6 6 %、46 .5 1% )。结论 :屋尘、粉尘螨、多价昆虫是我省儿童哮喘最重要的变应原 ;4岁以上哮喘儿童伴有既往过敏病史。

Objective: To investigate the common allergens and the indication of allergen skin test for children with asthma. Methods: 200 children diagnosed of asthma were randomly divided into several groups according to age, sex, past hypersensitive history, and family hypersensitive history. The allergen skin test was performed in these cases. Results: (1) The positive rates for house dust, dermatophagoides farinae, and polyvalent insects were 56%, 49%, 39%, respectively and markedly higher than those for others. (2) The positive rates of groups of 4～6 years old, 7～14 years old, and positive family hypersensitive history were 79.61%, 82.05%, and 69.15%, respectively, which were markedly higher than those of groups of ≤ 3 years and negative family hypersensitive history (39.66% and 46.51%). Conclusion: House dust, dermatophagoides farinae and polyvalent insects are most important allergens for the children with asthma. Children of >4 years old and with positive family hypersensitive history as well as positive past hypersensitive history would be fit for the allergen skin test.