岳阳市7家黄金矿企业工人职业性慢性砷中毒情况调查

Investigation on occupational chronic arsenic poisoning among workers in seven gold mining enterprises in Yueyang City

目的分析岳阳市7家黄金矿企业工人职业性慢性砷中毒现状,为黄金矿行业砷污染防治工作提供参考依据。方法采用原子荧光仪测定工人头发中砷含量,并结合临床检查,对慢性砷中毒患者进行诊断。结果对1 847名在岗工人发砷含量进行检测,其中1 055名工人发砷含量超过国家发砷含量限值(5.0μg/g),超标率为57.12%。对592名即将上岗的工人发砷含量进行检测,其中89名工人发砷含量超过国家限值,超标率为15.03%。对2家企业指定的生产及生活场所空气中砷化物、砷化氢及生活饮用水中总砷含量进行采样检测,均有超标。2017年1月—2018年4月,湖南省职业病防治院和岳阳市疾病预防控制中心在我市黄金矿企业中共诊断出职业性慢性砷中毒患者403人。结论在岗工人发砷含量超标率明显高于即将上岗工人,所有诊断出职业性慢性砷中毒的患者,均为来自一线的工人,应加强对黄金矿企业一线工人的保护。

[Objective]To analyze the current situation of chronic arsenic poisoning among workers in 7 gold mining enterprises in Yueyang City,and provide reference for the prevention and control of arsenic pollution in gold mining industry. [Methods] Patients of chronic arsenic poisoning were diagnosed by using atomic fluorescence spectrometry to determine arsenic content in workers＇ hair combining with clinical examination. [Results] The arsenic content in hair of 1 847 workers was determined. Among them,1 055 workers had arsenic content exceeding the national arsenic content limit of 5.0 μg/g. The over standard rate was 57.12%.The arsenic content in hair of 592 workers who were going to work was detected. Among them,89 workers had arsenic content exceeding the limit. The over standard rate was 15.03%. The arsenic compounds and arsenic hydride in air of designated production and living places and total arsenic content in domestic drinking water in 2 enterprises were sampled and detected,some results exceeded the standard. From January 2017 to April 2018,Hunan Province occupational disease prevention center and Yueyang center for disease control and prevention identified 403 occupational chronic arsenic poisoning patients in gold mining enterprises in Yueyang City. [Conclusion] The over standard of hair arsenic content in first-line workers is significantly higher than upcoming workers. All patients diagnosed with occupational chronic arsenic poisoning are first-line workers. So it is necessary to strengthen the protection of first-line workers in gold mines.