医学生攻击行为与自尊及依恋因素的关系

Relationship among self-esteem, attachment factors and aggressive behaviors in medical students

目的了解医学生攻击行为与自尊及依恋因素的关系,为高校大学生攻击行为的心理干预提供依据。方法采用横断面研究设计,对北京中医药大学66名大学生使用一般人口学特征与攻击行为量表(AQ)、亲密关系体验量表(ECR)、自尊量表(Rosenberg)进行问卷调查。结果 15.2%医学生的攻击倾向处于中等水平以上,其中表现为中等以上言语攻击的学生最多;医学生依恋焦虑维度得分为(3.48±0.94),依恋回避为(2.55±0.75),自尊总分为(32.23±5.35);自尊与言语攻击成正相关(P<0.05),依恋焦虑与攻击总分、言语攻击、敌意呈正相关(P均<0.01),依恋回避与敌意呈正相关(P<0.05);冷漠型医学生在攻击总分上显著小于其他3种类型,专注型医学生在敌意得分上显著大于安全型;多元逐步回归发现,依恋焦虑对医学生总攻击有预测作用(13.9%),依恋焦虑、自尊因素对言语攻击有预测作用(13.7%),依恋焦虑、依恋回避对敌意有预测作用(19.3%)。结论医学生存在一定程度的攻击行为倾向,自尊及依恋因素与医学生攻击行为存在密切关系。

Objective To understand the relationship among aggressive behaviors, self-esteem and attachment factors in medical students, and to provide evidence for psychological intervention of their aggressive behaviors.Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted in 66 undergraduates from Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, based on a cross-sectional study design, by using general demographic characteristics and aggressive behavior scales（AQ）, intimate relationship experience scale（ECR） and self-esteem scale（Rosenberg）. Results The attack tendency was above medium level in 15.2% of medical students, among them the students with over-moderate verbal attacks were the most. The medical students＇ attachment anxiety dimension scores were（3.48±0.94）, attachment avoidance scores were（2.55±0.75） and the total score of self-esteem was（32.23±5.35）. Self-esteem was positively correlated to verbal attack（P〈0.05）, attachment anxiety was positively correlated to the total attack score, verbal attack and hostility（P〈0.01）, and attachment avoidance was positively correlated to hostility（P〈0.05）. The total attack score was significantly lower in medical students of apathetic type than that in medical students of other 3 types, and the hostile scores are significantly higher in medical students of concentration type than those in medical students of safe type. The results of multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that attachment anxiety had a predictive effect on the total attack behaviors（13.9%）, attachment anxiety and self-esteem factors had predictive effects on verbal attacks（13.7%）, and attachment anxiety and attachment avoidance had predictive effects on hostility（19.3%）. Conclusion Medical students have aggressive behavioral tendency in a certain degree, and self-esteem and attachment factors are closely related to medical students＇ aggressive behaviors.