“神国思想”和《太平记》中元日战争的叙述

The Thought of a Deified Nation and the Narration of the Yuan-Japan War in An Account of the Pacific

日本中世时期的军记物语《太平记》以较长的篇幅叙述了元日战争,并以神国思想解释了"小"日本战胜"大"元的原因。本文在梳理神国思想在日本变迁的基础上,指出神国思想是在神佛融合的基础之上产生的,融入儒家的华夷思想之后,体现了"神佛儒"三者的融合,具有强烈的与我国对抗的意图。古代日本对神国思想既抱有强烈的优越感,又怀有极度的自卑心理。这种矛盾的心理对日本的对外认识产生了极大的影响。元日战争之后,日本神国思想优越意识不断高涨,成为日本对外侵略战争的思想来源之一。

An Account of the Pacific,a military legend composed in Japan's medieval age,offers a lengthy account of the Yuan-Japan War,while explicating the reasons for Japan's crowning victory over Yuan from the perspective of the thought of a deified nation.The current paper,based on tracing the evolutionary changes of the thought of a deified nation in Japan,points out that this thought,which has been generated on the basis of the merging of the Deity and the Buddha,embodies the integration of the Deity,the Buddha and the Confucian after incorporating the Confucian notion on ancient China.As a result,such a thought manifests a vehement hostility against China.While cherishing keen feelings of superiority for the thought of a deified nation,ancient Japan also manifests a pervading mentality of self-inferiority in this respect.This paradoxical mentality has been exerting tremendous influence on Japan's understanding of the outside world.Following the Yuan-Japan War,Japan has witnessed an increasing escalation of its superior feelings for the thought of a deified nation,which thenceforth constitutes one of its primary motivations for launching wars of aggression.