约旦中晚期现代化模式与特点

The Modernization of Jordan in the Middle and Late Stage:Patterns and Characteristics

约旦现代化分三阶段,第一阶段自1921年至1946年,约旦出现现代化萌芽,开启外源型、混合型现代化。第二阶段自1946至1999年,继续实行混合型现代化发展模式,工业方面实施进口替代工业化战略,1967年后实施出口替代战略,20世纪后期,实行经济自由化政策,鼓励私人投资及私有化;对外奉行新自由主义经济发展模式,加入国际货币基金组织与世界银行框架协议,通过建立"资格工业区"(QIZ)、"加工出口区"(EPZ)解决危机,使约旦成为相对稳定的阿拉伯发展中国家,实现了现代化大发展。第三阶段自2000年至今,此间约旦实行数次改革,制定可持续发展战略及2015—2025愿景规划,实现国家政权的稳定与发展。约旦现代化具有模仿性、被动性特征,整体呈反复、曲折上升趋势。

The development of Jordan is divided into three stages.During the first stage(1921—1946)the emergence of the "Mixed Modernization" and the "Modernization from without" began.In the second stage from 1946 to 1999,it continues to adopt the "Mixed Modernization" and "Import-instituting Industrialization".Then Jordan started the "Export Substitution Strategy" in 1967.In the late twentieth Century,the "New Liberalism Economic Model" was implemented,Jordan encouraged private investment and privatization,and joined IMF and the world bank framework agreement,wanted to solve the crisis through the establishment of "QIZ" and EPZ.Due to these factors,Jordan has become a relatively stable developing country in Arabia,and has realized the great development of modernization.In the third stage since 2000,Jordan has implemented several political and economic reforms,formulated sustainable development strategy and 2015—2025 vision plan to realize the stability and development of the state power.The modernization of Jordan presents a trend of repeated ups and zigzag rise.