黑龙江省2013-2015年食物中毒事件流行病学分析

Epidemiological analysis of food poisoning in Heilongjiang province from 2013 to 2015

目的了解2013-2015年黑龙江省食物中毒事件流行病学特征,为制定防控措施提供科学依据。方法对2013-2015年黑龙江省食物中毒事件发生时间、地区、人群、中毒食物种类和致病因素等进行描述流行病学分析。结果 2013-2015年黑龙江省共报告食物中毒事件85起,发病1 321例,死亡3例。食物中毒事件集中在夏季和6-9月,分别占54. 12%和74. 12%;哈尔滨市、佳木斯市和绥化市上报事件最多,共占全省的81. 18%;家庭和集体食堂是食物中毒事件的高发场所,分别占29. 41%和27. 06%;致病因素以植物类豆角中毒和微生物类蜡样芽孢杆菌中毒为主,分别占29. 41%和9. 41%。结论加强监测体系建设,加大市场监管力度,普及食品安全知识,提高公众防范意识,是减少黑龙江省食物中毒事件发生的有效途径。

Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of food poisoning events in Heilongjiang and provide scientific basis for developing prevention and control strategies from 2013 to 2015. Methods Descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze the characteristics of food poisoning events from 2013 to 2015 in Heilongjiang,including time,region,population,poisoned food species and pathogenic factors. Result Eighty-five food poisoning events,1 321 poisoning cases and 3 fatalities were reported during 2013 and 2015 in Heilongjiang. Food poisoning incidents were at the peak in the summer and from June to September,accounting for 74. 12%. Harbin,Jiamusi and Suihua reported the largest number of events,accounting for 81. 18% of the province. Families and collective canteens were high-risk places,food poisoning events accounted for 29. 41% and 27. 06% respectively. More events were caused by plant poisoning of beans and microbes of bacillus cereus poisoning,accounting for 29. 41% and 9. 41%. Conclusion To strengthen the construction of monitoring system and market supervision,popularization of food safety knowledge and improving public awareness is an effective way to reduce the incidence of food poisoning in Heilongjiang province.