《尼各马可伦理学》幸福观与《功利主义》幸福观比较研究

A Comparative Study of Happiness Based on Nicomachean Ethics and Utilitarianism

幸福是人类始终不懈追寻的永恒话题,更是古今伦理学家热衷谈论的伦理话题。在亚里士多德的《尼各马可伦理学》和密尔的《功利主义》两书中,他们对幸福的本质有不同观点。亚里士多德认为幸福是至善,是符合德性的实现活动;而密尔却表明幸福是一个具体的整体,它与德性没有关系,甚至还有高低等级之分。他们对幸福是精神层面还是实体层面的、是否有高低之分、是否存在实践性的差异等几个方面有不同的理解。他们的幸福观对当前我国社会幸福观的启示就在于如何避免两极坚守"适度"原则,坚持物质幸福与精神幸福的统一、个人幸福与社会幸福的统一。

Happiness is the object of the unremitting pursuit of human life, and it is the ethical topic that ancient and modern philosophers are keen to talk about. In Aristotle's book Nicomachean Ethics, happiness is good which is in line with the reality of moral activity, while MilFs Utilitarianism shows that hafjpiness is a concrete whole which never concerns virtue and here are even high and low grades. This paper is based on Nicomachean Ethics and Utilitarianism, by comparing the different view of haappiness, to explore the diverse faces of happiness.