现代国家认同的危机与建构——基于公民身份视角的分析

Crisis and Construction of Modern National Identity——An Analysis Based on Citizenship

全球化背景下,多民族国家认同危机凸显,内部存在族群差异的原生性矛盾,外部面临国家去中心化的风险,客观上与多重社会身份认同相冲突,主观上受国家自身制度能力的影响。兼具普遍性和特殊性于一体的公民身份,一方面能够超越差异整合多元建构国家认同,另一方面又可能诉诸异质排斥融合导致反向建构。其排斥与包容的界限使公民的国家认同呈现出不确定性。以公民身份为基础建构国家认同必须正视其内在张力,发挥其积极作用。国家认同的建构路径需要推进公民身份权利与义务的制度化,合理界定公民身份包容性的程度和范围,规范公民身份行为/行动以及加强国民公民身份教育。

In the context of globalization, the multi-ethnic national identity crisis is very prominent. Internally speaking, the inherent contradiction of ethnic differences exists; external speaking, the risk of national decentralization is confronted; objectively speaking, it is in conflict with multiple social identity; subjectively speaking, it is affected by the country＇s own institutional capacity.Citizenship is both universal and specialOn the one hand, it can transcend differences and integrate multiple elements to construct national identity. Onthe other hand, it may resort to heterogeneity to reject fusion and lead to reverse construction. The limitation ofcitizenship exclusion and inclusion makes citizen＇s national identity show a sign of uncertainty. Constructingnational identity on the basis of citizenship must face up to its internal tension and play its positive role. In order to construct the national identity, it is imperative to promote the institutionalization of citizenship rights andobligations, to define the extent and scope of citizenship inclusiveness reasonably, to regulate citizenship action / act and to strengthen national citizenship education.