诗性功能与文学自觉——魏晋南北朝文学用典的审美原理考察

Poetic Function and Literary Consciousness——Studying the Aesthetic Principles of Literary Allusions in Wei Jin Southern and Northern Dynasties

用典的流行是魏晋南北朝文学的显著特征,是文学自觉的重要构成。用典在魏晋得到发展,成熟于南朝,成为文学创作的普遍风气,关键人物是颜延之。魏晋南北朝用典流行的原因复杂,是博学风气在文学中的体现。表现功能是用典的本质功能,是魏晋南北朝用典流行的根本原因。用典建构起文学的诗性结构与表现方式,生成了双重复调性结构,建立起立体性的时空结构,提高了文学语言的表达技巧。用典具有多重审美效应,生成了文本的互文性、延宕性,富于宏博、跳跃性、婉曲之美,增强了文学的文化内涵与精英化倾向。

The popularity of allusions is a prominent feature of literature in Wei Jin Southern and Northern Dynasties, and is an important component of literary consciousness. The use of allusions developed in the Wei Jin, and matured in Southern Dynasties, becoming a common trend in literary creation. Yan Yanzhi wasthe key figure. The reasons for the popularity of allusions in Wei Jin Southern and Northern Dynasties are complex, and it is the embodiment of erudite ethos in literature. The performance function is the essential functionof the allusions, which is the root cause of the allusions＇ popularity in Wei Jin Southern and Northern Dynasties. The allusions construct the poetic structure and expression of literature, produce a dual polyphonic structure, establish a three-dimensional space-time structure, and improve the expression skills of literary language. The allusions have multiple aesthetic effects, resulting in intertextuality and prolongation of the text,rich in the beauty of magnificence, jumping and subtlety and rich in the cultural connotation and elitism of literature.