航空用6061铝合金板材组织及焊接性能研究

Experimental Study on Welding Performance and Microstructure of 6061 Aluminum Alloy for Aviation

为了探究国产6061铝合金板材的可焊性,以验证其代替进口材料使用的可行性,通过采用力学、金相等试验手段,对国内外6061铝合金板材焊接接头在T42态、T62态下进行了力学性能、拉伸断口宏观形貌OM及SEM分析。试验结果表明,国产6061铝合金拉伸强度较好,强度系数分别达到95%、91%,与同规格的进口材料相当;国产及进口6061铝合金焊接接头横向拉伸断裂方式均为垂直于应力方向的正断,焊接接头的断裂区域均为热影响区,断口均呈微观韧窝形貌,与传统铝合金材料焊接断口形貌基本一致。分析结果表明,国产6061铝合金板材焊接性能良好,可以替代进口材料使用。

In order to explore the weldability of domestic 6061 aluminum alloy sheet to verify the feasibility that replaced the imported materials,by mechanical and metallographic test,welded joints of domestic and overseas 6061 aluminum alloy sheet under T42 state and T62 state were analyzed by mechanical property,and OM and SEM of tensile fracture macroscopic morphology. The rest results showed that domestic 6061 aluminum alloy had better tensile strength,intensity coefficient achieved95% and 91% respectively,which were equivalent to imported materials of the same specification;transverse tensile fracture mode of domestic and overseas 6061 aluminum alloy welded joints were positive broken perpendicular to the stress direction,region of fracture of welded joints were both heat affected zone,the fracture appearances were both dimple,which were consistent with traditional aluminum alloy welding fracture morphology. The analysis results indicated that domestic 6061 aluminum alloy had good weldability and could replace the imported materials.