专利权的所有权构造方式及其功能

Ownership Structure and Its Function of Patent

通过对德日中三国《专利法》与《德国民法典》的文本比较,专利权与所有权在权利内容条款上显示出了相同的构造方式,即以极其抽象的语言对客体上所有可能的利用方式赋予全面的、绝对的、排他的控制权。专利权的所有权构造方式有三种功能:一是实现商业化效率;二是准确地对专利的技术贡献估值;三是提供公平的激励。我国施行的依据数量的专利资助政策削弱了专利权制度的功能实现,应改为资助创新结果。

Compared with the text of ownership in German civil code （BGB）, the text of patent law of three countries, Germany, Japan and China, show the same construction method in terms of the content of rights. It is the method that law generally confers the complete, absolute, exclusive rights on all possible uses of object, with extremely abstract language. The ownership structure of patent has three functions. The first is achieving the efficiency of commercialization; the second is an accurate evaluation of technical contribution of patents; the third is providing a fair incentives. The funding policy of China just based on the quantity of patents has weaken the patent system to achieve its function. Therefore, it is important to change the way of funding, from the quantity of patents to the results of innovation.