兰陵县王埝沟铁矿矿山固体废弃物对环境的影响分析及综合利用探讨

Study on Environmental Impact Analysis and Comprehensive Utilization of Mine Solid Waste in Wangniangou Iron Deposit in Lanling County of Shandong Province

王埝沟铁矿床为我国已探明的大型铁矿床,正处于开采初期阶段,年产铁精矿71.33万t,服务年限37.5a。矿山运营期间产生了废石、尾砂、锅炉灰渣等大量的固体废弃物。该文通过对废石、尾矿的伽玛能谱测量分析认为:废石和尾砂的放射性含量较低,开采、选冶过程及固体废弃物的综合利用,不会对人体及环境造成放射性危害。通过对废石、尾矿以及锅炉灰渣毒性浸出实验结果的分析研究,认为废石、尾矿为第Ⅰ类一般工业固体废物,其淋溶水不会导致地下水水质恶化及土壤的污染;锅炉灰渣属于第Ⅱ类一般工业固体废物,其存储场应按照Ⅱ类场要求执行,其淋溶水也不会导致地下水水质恶化及土壤的污染。该文对主要固体废弃物(废石和尾砂)的岩性组成、主要矿物特征和用途进行分析研究,参考以往矿山利用成果,提出了综合回收利用的具体方向,如用于建筑材料、路基填料、玻璃生产原料、研磨材料、陶瓷原料、水泥、石灰生产原料、土壤改良剂或肥料、化工原料等。

Wangniangou iron deposit is a large size iron deposit which has been identified in China. It is in the initial stage of mining. The annual production of iron concentrate is 71.33 ten thousand tons, and the service life is 37.5 years. During the mine operation, a large number of solid wastes have been produced, such as waste rock, tailings, boiler ash and so on. Through analysis on gamma ray spectrum of waste rock and tailings, it is concluded that the radioactive content of waste rock and tailings is low. During the process of exploitation, smelting and comprehensive utilization of solid wastes, it will not cause radioactive harm to human body and the environment. Through analysis on the experimental results of the toxic leac hing of waste rock, tailings and boiler ash, it is concluded that waste rock and tailings are type general industrial solid waste. The storage field should be classified as class Ⅱ general industrial solid waste, and the storage field should be carried out according to class Ⅲ field requirements. The leached water will not lead to deterioration of groundwater quality and soil pollution. In this paper, lithologic composition, main mineral characteristics and uses of main solid waste （waste rock and railings） have been analyzed and stud ied. According to previous results of mine utilization, concrete direction of comprehensive recycling has been put forward, such as construction materials, subgrade fillers, glass production materials, abrasive materials, ceramic materials, cement and stone. Ash production raw materials, soil amendments or fertil izers, chemical raw materials and so on.