副词“就”的预设、隐涵触发功能探微

Exploring the Triggering Function of Presupposition and Implicature of the Adverb "就"

在现代汉语中,"就"的语法性质可以是词,也可以是语素。作为"词",其用法极为复杂,前人主要从句法分布、语法意义、语义功能、主观量等视角对用作副词的"就"进行了考察。本文基于前人的研究,另辟蹊径,首先把副词"就"的用法作了新的归纳,认为其用法有且仅有8种,即用作时间副词、用作肯定语气副词、用作肯定语气副词兼时间副词、用作表强调语气副词、用作评论语气副词、用作意志语气副词、用作范围副词、用作关联副词;然后以此8种用法为经线,以"就"在每一用法中的具体分布为纬线,逐一而细微地考察副词"就"在现代汉语书面语诸句式、格式中的预设、隐涵触发功能,归纳概括出它所在句式、格式的预设、隐涵分析模式(析出规律)。

The grammatical nature of ＂就＂ can be either a word or a morpheme in modern Chinese. As a word, its usage is extremely complicated and mainly examined as an adverb by the previous studies from the perspectives of syntactic distribution, grammatical meaning, semantic function and subjective quantity. Nevertheless, this paper makes a new approach on the basis of their research. Firstly, it reduces the adver bial usage of ＂就＂ to eight types, namely, adverb of time, adverb of range, adverb of correlation, adverb of affirmative mood, adverb of affirmative mood and of time, modal adverb expressing emphasis, modal adverb expressing comment, and modal adverb expressing will. Then, taking the eight usages as longitudes and their specific distribution in each usage as latitudes, the triggering functions of presupposition and im plicature of the adverb ＂就＂ in various sentence patterns and forms of modern Chinese written language are examined one by one and the formatted rules of their trigger functions are finally summarized.