颠倒了的中心与边缘——地缘政治学的善恶之辨

Reversed Order between Heartland and Rimland:the Good and the Evil of Geopolitics

近代地缘政治学无疑起源于欧洲国家间的战争与资本主义殖民扩张。其中19世纪英、俄两个欧亚大国的交锋使地缘政治学获得了全球性的视角。麦金德的学说正是这种全球性地缘政治的产物,其价值在于毫不掩饰地向世人展现了海洋文明的政治品性。施米特、彼得罗夫等人的回应正说明了这个问题,地缘战略也与政治哲学休戚相关。尤有进者,这种政治品性颠倒了中心与边缘、文明与野蛮的位置。认识到这点对于中国建设自身的地缘政治学理论,有着至关重要的作用。

Geopolitics is undoubtedly the outcome of capitalist colonial expansion and the wars among great powers in modern Europe. In particular,annexations by Great Britain and tsarist Russia and their competition for hegemony in the 19 th century assumed a global dimension. Geopolitics was promoted as a global strategy because of the conflict between these two Eurasian powers. Mackinder's theory is the product of this global geopolitical strategy while it lays bare the political character of the marine civilization. Carl Schmitt and Valery Petrov's responses also demonstrate the critical co-relevance between geopolitics and political philosophy. Moreover,the relationship between the heartland and the rimland or between civilization and barbarism have been reversed by Mackinder and other geopolitical scientists. It is important to bear this in mind if we are to construct China's own geopolitical theory.