民国时期中国教育督导制度探析

An Analysis of Education Supervision System in the Period of Republic of China

民国时期中国教育在晚清"官督"视导制度的基础上,经过借鉴、吸收与改进,逐步形成了"官督"与"自查"相结合的二元并行制度,这也标志着近代中国视导制度的成熟。在制度运行过程中,问题重重,集中表现在工作重复,分区不分工;人少事多,督导不充分;督学自身能力差,督导方式不合理等方面。在社会舆论的推动下,教育相关部门也针对上述问题做出了相应调整,对我国近代教育的发展具有一定的作用与影响,但整体来看,督导效果并不十分理想,即便如此,其经验和教训今天看来仍有借鉴意义。

The dual parallel system of 'official supervision' and 'self-examination' gradually formed after learning,absorbing and improving the 'official supervision' system in the late Qing dynasty, which also marked the maturity of the modern Chinese supervision system during the republic of China. There were many problems in the process of the system operation, including problems in repetitive work and division of labor;insufficient supervision because of less people and more work, the ability of supervisors was poor, supervision mode was unreasonable and so on. Under the promotion of public opinion, relevant education departments also made corresponding adjustments to the above problems, which played a certain role and influence on the development of education in modern China. However, the effect of supervision was not very good in an overall view. Even so, its experience and lessons still had referential significance.