自由与必然的两位一体——休谟自由意志观的悖论解析

The Direct Integration of Freedom and Necessity:——An Analysis of the Paradox of Hume's Views about Free Will

休谟关于自由意志与因果必然两位一体的见解,常常被西方主流学界看成是自我决定论而划归兼容论的阵营。其实,他强调的与其说是二者之间既对立又和谐的兼容关系,不如说是自由意志本身就直接包含了因果必然的人性逻辑。因此,倘若从休谟有关"是"与"应当"的区分出发,澄清这种两位一体如何可能的内在机制及其对于自主责任的决定性效应,不仅能够揭示休谟在自由意志问题上的原创性贡献及其陷入的深度悖论,而且也可以看出西方主流学界迄今为止还在恪守的二元对立架构为什么是无法成立的。

Hume’s views about free will and causal necessity have often been regarded as self-determinism and compatibilism by the Western mainstream philosophy.However,what he actually emphasizes is their direct integration rather than their compatibility and harmony based on their opposition.By clarifying the mechanism of this direct integration and its decisive effect on autonomous responsibility according to Hume’s differentiation between'is'and'ought',we can not only reveal the original contributions of Hume’s views of free will as well as its in-depth paradox,but also find out why the dichotomy of freedom and necessity set up by the Western mainstream philosophy is not tenable.