论先验演绎的双重路径

On the Double Path of Transcendental Deduction

先验演绎的任务在于证明纯粹知性概念的客观有效性,即"我们能够认识什么",其包含主观演绎和客观演绎两个方面。其中,主观演绎的目的在于证明知性的能力自身,而客观演绎则要证明知性的能力界限。据此,在关于先验演绎的论证路径的讨论中,围绕着主观演绎和客观演绎的关系,出现了两条演绎路径:一是以康浦·斯密为代表的"穿插论证"路径,即认为客观演绎穿插于主观演绎的开头与结尾的正中间;二是以邓晓芒先生为代表的"上下论证"路径,即认为客观演绎是从先验统觉出发的从上到下的路径,而主观演绎则是从经验性出发的自下而上的路径,两者是双向的、互补的。但是,此两种路径或容易被贴上"心理主义"的标签,或容易产生"独断论"的误解。因此,应尝试转换视角,淡化主观演绎和客观演绎之关系,抛开先验演绎路径的"形式",从其"本质"出发,以先验统觉为中心,以论证先验对象与经验对象、先验统觉与先验范畴的"同一性"为线索进行论证。

The task of transcendental deduction is to prove the objective validity of the concept of pure knowledge,'what can we know',which includes two aspects:subjective deduction and objective deduction.Among them,the purpose of subjective deduction is to prove the ability of the intellect itself,while the objective deduction is to prove the limits of the intellectual ability.Accordingly,in the discussion of the reasoning path of transcendental deduction,there are two deductive paths around the relationship between subjective deduction and objective deduction.One is the path of'interspersed argument'represented by K·P·Smith,Which assert,the objective deduction is inserted in the middle of the beginning and the end of the subjective deduction;The other is the path of'up and down demonstration',which is asserted by Deng Xiaomang first and assert objective deduction is a path from top to bottom from transcendental apperception,while subjective deduction is a bottom-up path from empiricism,and the two are bilateral and complementary.However,the two Paths are either easy to be labeled'psychologistic'label,or easy to produce'dogmatism'misunderstanding.Therefore,we try to change our perspective,weaken the relationship between subjective deduction and objective deduction,abandon the'form'of transcendental deduction path,and prove from the'essence'that taking transcendental apperception as the center and taking the identity of transcendental object and experience object,transcendental apprehension and transcendental category as a clue.