湖泊湿地生态系统服务研究进展

Progress in lake-wetland ecosystem services

湖泊湿地生态系统服务可持续供给对维持区域、国家乃至全球生态安全格局具有重要意义。近20年,国内外学者在生态系统服务内涵、评估模型、影响机制、权衡与优化等领域的研究不断深入,但与管理决策和政策设计的结合仍面临多方面严峻挑战。系统分析湖泊湿地生态系统服务研究进展与存在的不足,对于今后一段时间内湖泊湿地生态系统服务研究的全方位拓展具有重要指导意义。以湖泊湿地生态系统服务概念与内涵为切入点,对湖泊湿地生态系统服务评估内容与方法、影响机理、生态系统服务权衡与优化等几个重要方面的研究进展进行了梳理,并结合管理决策和政策设计的需求,评述其研究中存在的不足。本研究以生态系统服务监测、模型不确定性、风险评估、优化与调控等四个重点研究方向为切入点,对湖泊湿地生态系统服务的研究方向进行了展望,以期深化湖泊湿地生态系统服务研究的理论与方法,并实现其与管理决策和政策设计的高度结合。

Lake-wetlands provide humans with a diversity of ecological benefits, which are of great importance in guaranteeing regional, national, and global ecological security. In recent decades, scientists have been testing a variety of methodologies for incorporating ecosystem services into lake-wetland management. The main challenge is to manage lake- wetlands in order to reduce the unwanted tradeoffs and maintain a sustainable supply of lake-wetland ecosystem services. Based on the analysis of lake-wetland ecosystem services concept and connotation, this paper reviews the important progresses on evaluating ecosystem services, identifying impact driving factors, and revealing trade-offs among ecosystem services. We found that there are several constraints limiting the incorporation of ecosystem services into management and policy design. In order to advance the ecosystem services research for lake-wetland management, we suggest that future research should focus on ： （ 1 ） strengthening ecosystem services monitoring on lake-wetland ecosystem characteristics metrics and final ecosystem services in order to gather the necessary datasets for creating ecological production functions; （2） developing integrated models for upscaling analysis and model applicability and accuracy; （3） establishing ecological risk assessment and diagnostic models to identify high risk areas and high risk types, and formation conditions for the changes in lake-wetland ecosystem services; （4） integrating ecosystem services assessment models and traditional ecological process models, to explore the coordinated optimization roads and regulation strategies for lake-wetland ecosystem services. This study aims to intensify and enrich the theories and methods of lake-wetland ecosystem services, and contribute to theadvanced integration of eeosystem services into management and policy design.