闽三角区域生态系统服务重要性评价及其空间分布

Importance evaluation and spatial distribution analysis of ecosystem services in Min triangle area

基于GIS及RS技术,选取研究区内最重要的水源涵养服务、水土保持服务、生物多样性保护服务、生态系统综合服务为研究对象,采用NPP定量指标评价方法,对4种生态系统服务的重要性进行评价,试图揭示闽三角区域各类生态系统服务重要性分级情况及其空间分布规律。同时,从土地利用以及主控因子识别两方面对形成闽三角区域生态系统服务各重要性级别区域的深层次原因做出科学分析。以最终闽三角生态系统综合服务为例,研究结果表明:(1)极为重要和高度重要的区域面积共占研究区总面积的30.39%,总体分布在闽三角中部偏西南地区的南靖县、平和县以及长泰县境内,其在海拔300—600 m以及坡度10°—20°的环境中面积占比较高。(2)一般重要和较为重要区域总体分布在闽三角东北部沿海地区的泉州市及厦门市范围内,其在海拔900—1800 m以及坡度>40°的环境中面积占比较高。(3)随着重要性级别从一般重要到极为重要的提升,其相应重要性级别区域的地理中心由南安市境内出发,逐渐向西方向移动,后经由华安县境内转向西南方向,最终落在南靖县境内。(4)从一般重要区域到极为重要区域,林地和草地的面积占比显著增加,而城乡、工矿、居民用地、耕地以及水域的面积占比则出现明显降低。(5)一般重要区域划分的主要控制因子依次为多年平均净初级生产力、降水因子、土壤渗流能力因子,极为重要区域划分的主要控制因子依次为多年平均净初级生产力、海拔因子、降水因子。

Based on GIS and RS technologies, this study selected the most important soil, water, biodiversity, and ecosystem services in the Min delta region as research objects. NPP （Net Primary Productivity） quantitative indicators were used to evaluate the benefits of four ecosystem services to determine the hierarchal importance and spatial distribution of these services. This paper also analyzes the underlying reasons driving the regional importance of ecosystem services, from the two aspects of land use and master factor identification. Taking the final integrated ecosystem services in the Fujian Triangle Region as an example, the results show that ： （ 1 ） Extremely important and highly important regional areas account for 30.39% of the total study area. These areas are slightly distributed in Nanjing County, Pinghe County, and Changtai County, which occupy a relatively high area of 300--600 m above sea level and a gradient of 10--20°. （2） Slightly important and more important areas are largely distributed in the areas of Quanzhou and Xiamen in the northeastern coastal Fujian Province, with a relatively high area of 900--1800 m above sea level and a gradient of 〉40°. （3） The area of forestland and grassland increased significantly from the slightly important areas to the most important ones, while urban and rural areas, industrial and mining areas, residential land, and cultivated land and water areas decreased. （4） The main controlling factors in the division of regional importance of integrated ecosystem services in the evaluation process are NPP, precipitation, soil seepage, and the integrated ecosystem services. The main control factors of regional division are NPP, elevation, and precipitation.