卧龙自然保护区生态系统服务福祉贡献评估:当地居民的视角

Assessment of the contribution to human well-being by ecosystem services in Wolong Natural Reserve from the perspective of local communities

福祉贡献是生态系统服务的核心,也是生态系统管理和恢复的目标之一。从当地居民的角度,以卧龙自然保护区为例,调查了生态系统服务的福祉贡献,研究了生态系统服务、福祉贡献和受益者之间的联系。研究表明,从福祉角度看,24种生态系统服务的福祉贡献存在差异,表现为社会福祉高于个人福祉。从生态系统服务类型来看,调节服务的福祉贡献高于文化服务和供应服务,特别是净化空气、预防自然灾害和淡水供应这3项生态系统服务的福祉贡献最高。从生态系统服务的变化趋势和福祉贡献来看,由于生物多样性保护和生态恢复政策的实施,采集、传统农作物、牲畜和土壤肥力等生态系统服务呈下降趋势,其中土壤肥力是下降趋势明显且对受访者福祉贡献较大的生态系统服务类型,可确定为关键的生态系统服务。多元方差分析和逻辑斯蒂回归分析表明,生态系统服务的福祉贡献与受访者的性别、年龄、职业、收入构成等因素显著相关。研究分析了影响生态系统服务福祉贡献差异性的原因并提出了相应的管理对策。

Contribution to human well-being is the core of ecosystem services, and the objective of ecosystem management and regulation. Although considerable focus has been on biophysical and economic values of ecosystem services, limited attention has been focused on their contribution to human well-being. Taking Wolong Natural Reserve as a case study, we explicitly explored the relationships among ecosystem services, human well-being contribution, and local ecosystem service beneficiaries through questionnaires completed by the local community, i.e., the local ecosystem service provider. A total of 24 types of ecosystem services delivered by the local ecosystem were provided to local respondents and their contribution to human well-being was subsequently evaluated. The results showed that 90.79% of respondents recognized the well-being that the local ecosystem provided. Among all ecosystem services, regulating services was considered the most important for personal and social well-being; air purification, hazard prevention, and freshwater provision were considered the most important. Regarding the variation in ecosystem services, it was widely perceived that most regulating and cultural services increased or were stable. However, five ecosystem services, namely, traditional crops, collection, livestock, livestock feed, and soil fertility, were considered to be decreasing. We identified the maintenance of soil fertility as the key ecosystem service among all services because its decrease is fundamental to human well-being. Further, multiple variance analysis and binary logistic regressions manifested Significant relationships between the respondents＇ perceived importance for humanwell-being and their individual heterogeneous characteristics. Significant factors including gender, age, income, and occupation would affect the respondents＇ well-being from the ecosystem service. Finally, we analyzed why local ecosystem services benefited local respondents differently and suggested appropriate management measures.