基于石墨烯及其相关材料高分析性能传感器研究进展

Research Progress on the Sensors of High Analytical Performance Based on the Graphene and Its Related Material

基于石墨烯优异的导电性能、大的比表面积、良好的生物相容性,在传感器的构建方面,表现出比其他材料更加优良的性能。石墨烯在传感领域中的应用一般通过功能化来实现,石墨烯与聚合物或纳米粒子的结合可以显著增强传感器的响应,提高检测的灵敏性。综述了近年来石墨烯及其相关材料在临床分析、环境监测和食品安全控制等传感领域中的应用研究进展,通过灵敏度、检测限等分析数据对具有良好水分散性和生物相容性,比表面大,表面修饰灵活以及制备简单的氧化石墨烯及其衍生物(含氧基团)为基础的传感器的分析性能进行了综合评价。同时对石墨烯及其衍生物这一新型传感材料在未来的研究趋势进行了展望:精确控制石墨烯单分散片的尺寸、形状;研究催化作用下的石墨烯与分析物分子电极反应间的传感机制;减少石墨烯片的聚集,精确控制石墨烯基传感系统微结构。未来可望发展具有更加强大特性的便携式、芯片化传感器,实现更短时间内复杂环境样品的多重分析,进一步提高检测灵敏性和选择性,增强传感器的稳定性和重复使用性,克服毒性和生物不容性。

Based on the excellent electrical conductivity,large specific surface area and fine biocompatibility of graphene and graphene-related materials,the constructed sensors from graphene exhibit better properties than that by other materials. The application of graphene insensing field is generally conducted by functionalization. The combination of graphene with polymer or nanoparticles may significantly enhancethe response of the sensor and improve the sensitivity of detection. This paper reviews the recent advances in the application of graphene and itsrelated materials in the sensing fields such as clinical analysis,environmental monitoring and food safety control. When the sensors are based onthe graphene oxide and its derivatives（containing oxygen groups）with fine water dispersibility and biocompatibility,larger specific surface,flexible surface modification,and simple preparation,and their analytical performances are comprehensively evaluated by the analysis data ofsensitivity,detection limit,etc. At the same time,the research trends of novel sensing material graphene and its derivatives is prospected ：Precisely controlling the size and shape of graphene monodisperse,studying the sensing mechanism of the reaction between graphene andanalyte molecular electrode under catalytic action,and reducing the aggregation of graphene sheet and precisely controlling the microstructureof graphene-based sensing system. It is expected as such ：Developing portable chip-based sensors with more powerful characteristics to achievethe multi-analysis of complex environmental samples in a shorter time,to further increase the detection sensitivity and selectivity,to enhance the stability and reusability of the sensors,and to overcome toxicity and biological intolerance.