介孔二氧化硅介导的功能核酸检测技术研究进展

Research Progress on Mesoporous Silica Mediated Functional Nucleic Acids-based Detection Technologies

介孔二氧化硅纳米粒子(Mesoporous silica nanoparticles,MSNs)是一种表面多孔的无机纳米粒子,具有粒子和孔的大小可调节,大的表面积和孔体积,可进行表面修饰以及良好的生物相容性等特点被广泛应用于医疗领域作为抗癌药物的递送载体。目前,将MSNs与功能核酸(Functional nucleic acids,FNA)进行良好结合并制备生物传感器应用于检测技术领域的研究主要偏向于把FNA固定在MSNs表面,通过FNA结构的改变实现介孔中客体分子的可控释放,进一步转换为荧光信号、电信号等进行检测。综述了MSNs的基本属性、制备及其应用,重点介绍了几类基于MSNs的功能核酸生物传感器,讨论了介孔二氧化硅介导的功能核酸检测技术在应用研究中的实际意义及其存在的问题,最后展望了该项技术的发展前景,可能面临的机遇及挑战,以期能够进一步促进介孔二氧化硅介导的功能核酸检测技术在实际中的应用。

Mesoporous silica nanoparticles（MSNs）are porous inorganic nanoparticles,they are characterized by adjustable particle and pore size,large surface area and pore volume,surface modification and fine biological compatibility and others,and are widely used as adelivery carrier for anticancer drug in medical field. At present,MSNs and functional nucleic acids（FNA）are combined to prepare biosensorsfor building detection technologies,the study of which is mainly focused on the FNA immobilization on the surface of MSNs. Through thechange of FNA structure,the controlled release of guest molecules in mesopores can be realized and further converted into fluorescent signals,electrical signals,and the like for detection. Here we reviewed the basic properties,preparation and applications of MSNs,highlighted severaltypes of functional nucleic acid biosensors based on MSNs,and discussed the practical significances and issues while applying mesoporoussilica mediated functional nucleic acids-based detection technologies. Finally,we prospected this technology and the potential opportunitiesand challenges,aiming at further promoting the practical application of mesoporous silica mediated functional nucleic acids-based detection technologies.