中小学教学法改革实验40年:变革历程、基本走势与发展方向

The History of Teaching Method Reform in Primary and Secondary Schools over the Past 40 Years of Reform and Opening-up:Reform Process,Basic Tendencies and Development Direction

改革开放40年以来,我国的教学法变革经过了大规模实验、教学模式形成与教学流派生成三个阶段,表现出四个基本走势:从城市到乡村再到城乡齐头并进,从单科实验到通用学科再到信息技术与课程的整合,从高效的知识教学到灵魂的情感陶冶再到哲学层面的文化塑造,从教育理论研究者或实践工作者各自为战到二者紧密结合。构建教育理论与实践无缝对接机制,深度挖掘并有机渗透中华经典文化,采用融合范式创造性开展跨学科研究,精心打造乡村学校土生土长的教学流派,科学实施职前(后)培养(训)与自我发展的一体化工程,冷静反思并稳步推进"互联网+"背景下的系列改革实验等,是新时代中小学教学法改革实验的发展方向。

Over the past 40 years of reform and opening-up, the reform of teaching method in Chinahas gone through three stages, the large scale studies, the formation of teaching models, and theformation of teaching schools. There are four basic tendencies： From the city education to the countrysideeducation and then to the development of cities and countrysides together, from the single subject studyand then to the general subject study to the integration of the information technology and curriculum,from the efficient knowledge teaching to the emotional cultivation of the soul to the cultural shaping atthe philosophical level, from the education theory researchers and practical staffs working in their ownway to the close combination of them. The developing directions of the reform experiment of teachingmethod in primary and middle schools in the new era should be as follows： Constructing the seamlessconnection mechanism between education theory and practice, deeply exploring and understanding Chinesetraditional culture, creatively implementing interdisciplinary researches with the paradigm of integration, carefullybuilding the local teaching styles in rural schools, carrying out the integration project of pre-service （post-service）training and self-development in a scientific way, and calmly reflecting and steadily promoting a series of teachingmethod reform experiments under the background of ＂internet plus＂.