物理例题教学创新策略及其价值

Innovative Pedagogies for Cultivating Learners' Key Competency Through Worked Examples in Physics Education

发展学生的核心素养必须落实在具体的学科教学上,渗透于教学的各个环节中。在教学实践中,一线教师不仅需要宏观的理论支撑,还需要具体的、操作层面的清晰指引。本文聚焦物理例题教学这一环节,分析传统例题教学模式的局限性,关注国际上关于学生学习例题行为的研究成果,甄选出基于培养学生核心素养的四种创新例题教学策略,分别为多重表征转换,类比推理,自我解释和正、误配对例题。这些例题教学策略本质上是由"知识传递"转变为"知识建构",借助有目的、有设计、有支架的问题解决的教学活动,培养学生的科学精神,发展学生核心素养。

Development of learners＇ key competeneies should be anchored in systemic discipline-based education and enacted in all aspects of teaching and learning. Thus, instructional practices shouldbe leveraged not only by theoretical rationale but also by operationally concrete and clear guidance. Asany great journey begins with small steps, grand success in education stems from rigorous investigationsat smaller scales. With this principle in mind, we hereby zoom in on the topic of worked examples inphysics education to study various instructional strategies aimed at cultivating students ＇ keycompetencies. Specifically, we discuss the limitations of conventional approaches to this topic, introducestate-of-art research outcomes, and highlight four innovative strategies, which are designed respectivelyto draw on multiple representations, analogical reasoning, self-explanation and correct and incorrectsolutions. While differing from each other, these four strategies all emphasize knowledge constructioninstead of knowledge transmission. Using these approaches to worked examples, students can engage indeliberated, designed and scheduled learning activities of problem solving, thereby improving theirscientific habits of mind and ultimately shaping their key competeneies.