改革开放40年来我国少数民族学生政策变迁的回顾与展望

Retrospect and Prospect of the Policy Changes for Ethnic Students in the Past 40 Years of the Reform and Opening-up in China

改革开放40年来,党和政府根据民族教育发展的要求,结合民族地区经济社会发展需要与少数民族学生特点,陆续出台了少数民族教育政策,形成了较为完整的民族教育政策体系,对民族教育发展作用明显。本文以改革开放以来召开的四次民族教育工作会议为节点、以少数民族学生政策为切入点,运用文献法对学生政策中的招生、管理、经费补贴、评价与就业分配五个方面的具体政策进行梳理,提出今后政策的改革趋向,即在招生政策中进一步关注少数民族职业教育;在管理政策方面加强对预科班、民族班学生的个性化管理及其成效评估;经费补贴政策应尽快立法;学生评价政策应形成多元化的评价方式与指标;就业分配政策需进行"因地制宜"的就业指导等。

In the past 40 years of the reform and opening up, based on the need of economic and social development of ethnic areas and the characteristics of ethnic students, the Party and the government made a series of policies for ethnic education according to the need of its development and built up a more complete policy system for ethnic education with remarkable effects. This article, taking the four ethnic education work conferences held since the reform and opening-up as the node and using the literature method, makes a study of the specific policies in five aspects of enrollment, management, financial subsidies, evaluation and employment distribution. It proposes the future development trend of the policies, that is, the enrollment policy should pay attention to vocational education for ethnic minorities; the management policy should strengthen the individualized management of the preparatory classes and ethnic classes as well as their effectiveness evaluation; the funding subsidy policy should be enacted as soon as possible; diversified evaluation methods and evaluation indicators should be used in student evaluation policy; and the employment distribution policy should require employment guidance according to local conditions.