创伤、遗忘与宽恕——论《威弗利》的记忆书写

Trauma,Forgetting and Forgiveness:On Waverley's Memory Writing

苏格兰作家沃尔特·司各特在其第一部苏格兰历史小说《威弗利》中以1745年詹姆士二世党人事件为历史背景,书写了苏格兰的民族文化创伤,唤起了19世纪英格兰与苏格兰人的共同记忆。司各特选择遗忘暴力冲突,记住苏格兰高贵的民族精神遗产,重塑了苏格兰文化记忆,使之走向崇高。同时,司各特还以善意的宽恕使受伤的记忆得以平息,过去与现在达成和解,但他同时也批判了轻率宽恕对民族记忆的威胁。司各特在《威弗利》中的记忆书写为我们理解如何对待受伤的民族记忆提供了参考。

In his first Scottish historical novel Waverley,the Scottish writer Walter Scott explores the cultural trauma of Scotland in the historical background of the 1745 Jacobite event,attempting to interrogate the collective memory of the Scottish and the English in the 19 th century.Emphasizing on the remembrance of the spiritual heritage of Scotland other than violence,Scot reconstructs the cultural memory of Scotland.He reconciles the past with the present by treating the traumatic memory with the ＂pardon de bienveillance.＂ Nevertheless,he cautions the Scottish against the idea of ＂oubli facile＂ for its damage to the integrity of ethnic memory.Scott＇s memory writing in Waverley provides an example of how to deal with traumatic ethnic memory.