优秀羽毛球运动员前场蹬跨步技术的运动生物力学分析

Biomechanics Analysis of Elite Badminton Players' Front Step Technique

目的通过研究不同蹬跨技术动作对羽毛球运动员下肢运动生物力学参数的影响,分析羽毛球运动员蹬跨技术动作的力学特征。选取羽毛球国青队男性队员6名,年龄(20. 3±2. 2)岁,身高(180. 0±4. 7) cm,体重(72. 2±8. 4) kg,训练年限(11. 5±2. 7)年。方法使用12台红外高速摄像机对受试者的运动学参数进行采集,使用4块AMTI测力台(400×600)采集运动过程中的地面反作用力,使用Noraxon无线表面肌电信号测试系统记录下肢肌肉肌电活动情况。结果三步技术的蹬跨和缓冲时间分别为(0. 30±0. 03) s和(0. 60±0. 02) s,显著高于一步蹬跨技术(P <0. 00);着地时刻一步蹬跨技术的髋角(148. 8°±6. 7°)和踝角(113°±3. 1°)显著高于三步蹬跨技术(P <0. 00),离地时刻一步蹬跨技术的膝角(168. 1°±2. 9°)显著高于二步和三步技术(P <0. 00);缓冲阶段三种蹬跨技术在X轴和Z轴方向的地面反作用力差异非常显著(P <0. 00),回蹬阶段在Z轴方向表现出显著性差异(P <0. 05);在整个蹬跨过程中,三步技术的膝关节屈伸力矩(3. 01±0. 13) Nm/kg显著高于其他2种跨步技术(P <0. 05)。结论(1)增加蹬跨距离后,蹬跨时间减小,缓冲时间增加,对回蹬时间和总时间影响不大;(2)在跨步的缓冲阶段,随着蹬跨距离的增加,在水平方向和垂直方向所受地面反作用力会显著增加,而在回蹬阶段,蹬跨距离只会对人体垂直方向地面反作用力产生显著影响;(3)蹬跨距离与下肢关节的角度有显著性关系;(4)膝关节屈伸方向力矩随蹬跨距离增加而显著加大。

Objective By the research of influence about biomechanics data between different step techniques,to study the characteristics of badminton players＇ step techniques. 6 male badminton players who served in Chinese national badminton youth teem. Age（ 20. 3 ± 2. 2） years old,Height（ 180. 0 ± 4. 7） cm,Weight（ 72. 2 ± 8. 4） kg,Training duration（ 11. 5 ±2. 7） years. Method The kinematic data were collected by 12 infrared cameras,4 AMTI platforms were used to get the ground reaction force and a wireless EMG collection system was used to get the electromyographic signals. Results The take off and landing time of 3 step technique were（ 0. 30 ± 0. 03） s and（ 0. 60 ± 0. 02） s respectively which were significantly higher than 1 step technique（ P〈0. 05）; The hip and ankle angle of 1 step technique in landing time were（ 148. 8° ± 6. 7°）and（ 113° ± 3. 1°） respectively which were significantly higher than 1 step technique（ P〈0. 00）. The knee angle of 1 step technique in take off stance was（ 168. 1° ± 2. 9°） which was significantly higher than 2 and 3 step techniques（ P〈0. 00）;The GRF had a very significant differences（ P〈0. 00） between three techniques in landing phase and also had a significant difference in vertical GRF in return phase（ P〈0. 05）; The knee joint flex/ext moment of 3 step（ 3. 01 ± 0. 13） Nm/kg）was significant higher than other two techniques in landing phase（ P〈0. 05）. Conclusion（ 1） With increasing the length of stride,the time of taking off decreased and landing time increased,but return time and total time was not influenced.（ 2）In the landing and return phases,the GRF of X and Z axis increased with the step number.（ 3） Lower extremity joint angle was influenced significantly by stride distance.（ 4） The knee joint Flex/Ext moment was increased significantly with stride distance.