长链非编码RNA在多发性骨髓瘤中的研究进展

Research progress of Iong-noncoding RNA in multiple myeloma

多发性骨髓瘤（MM）是一种浆细胞恶性肿瘤，以大量单克隆免疫球蛋白（Ig）损伤器官或组织为特征。尽管在既往10余年中，新药治疗策略提高了MM患者的生存率，但是目前MM仍然无法治愈，亟待寻找新的治疗靶点。长链非编码RNA（lncRNA），是一种长度大于200个核苷酸的非编码RNA，在表观遗传、转录及转录后调控等多层面调控基因表达，在肿瘤中发挥致癌和（或）抑癌作用，逐步成为肿瘤治疗相关研究热点。lncRNA，如肺癌转移相关转录本（MALAT）1、母源性印记基因（MEG）3等在MM中异常表达，促进MM的发生、发展，并且作为竞争性内源RNA（ceRNA）竞争结合微小RNA（miRNA），参与相关基因表达的调节。在MM中发挥致癌作用的lncRNA，可以作为MM的潜在治疗靶点。笔者拟就lncRNA在MM中的研究进展进行综述，并讨论lncRNA作为MM诊断、预后的生物学标志物与治疗靶点的潜力。

Multiple myeloma （MM） is a plasma cell malignancy, characterized by damaged organs or tissues due to a large number of monoclonal immunoglobulin （Ig） secretions. Over the past ten years, although new drug treatment strategy has improved survival rate of MM patients, MM is still incurable. We need to find new therapeutic targets. Long-noncoding RNA （lncRNA）, a noncoding RNA with more than 200 nucleotides in length, regulates expression of genes at epigenetic, transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels, and plays a carcinogenic and/or anti-carcinogenic role in tumors. Now, lncRNA is becoming a research hotspot. Lung adenocarcinoma transcript （MALAT）1, maternally expressed gene （MEG）3 and other lncRNA are abnormally expressed in MM, which regulate the occurrence and development of MM, and compete for microRNA （miRNA） and regulate gene expression as competing endogenous RNA （ceRNA）. The corresponding pathogenic lncRNA can be found from the carcinogenic pathway of MM, and can be used to design lncRNA therapeutic target of MM. In this review, the current relationship between the MM and lncRNA is reviewed, and the potential of lncRNA as a biomarker for MM diagnosis, prognosis and therapeutic target for MM were discussed.