共享经济引发的两大变革及其可持续发展策略:以公共管理为视角

Two Transformations Triggered by Sharing Economy and Strategies for Its Sustainable Development, from the Perspective of Public Management

从公共管理的视角看,共享经济将由平台型组织和"新合作生产"两个重要变革要素引发两大变革:一方面,平台型组织以合作性、开放性、个性化和合作伙伴关系为力量促进官僚制组织向合作制组织转变;另一方面,共享经济通过线上线下方式融合不同领域开展"新合作生产",通过消解所有权和使用权的界限,改变准公共领域的供给方式和政府监管方式,提高了该领域的供给能力,提升了政府在准公共领域购买公共服务的力度,引发了"自上而下"到"自下而上"的变革。在全球化和后工业化的过程中,共享经济引发的变革有利于合作社会的形成。共享经济已经成为影响治理政策的重要力量,它既具有合作性又具有垄断性,为了促进其可持续发展,最为紧要的是培养其合作精神,促进公民在合作治理中的价值,以此提升其合作性而抑制其垄断性。

Judging from the perspective of public management, two transformations are being triggered by sharing economy via platforms and the new cooperative production. While platform-based organizations, featuring cooperation, openness, individualization and partnership, will induce the transition from bureaucracies to cooperatives, the carrying out of the new cooperative production as facilitated by the merging of online and offline services in different fields will serve to remove the boundaries of ownership and usufruct rights, thus changing the mode of supply in public services and government supervision, a boost of the supply side in relevant sectors as well as the government’s buying of services in quasi-public sphere, which is tantamount to a shift from the previous top-down to the current bottom-up approach. These transformations are certainly conducive to the formation of a cooperative society in the current globalization and post-industrialization process. In this sense, sharing economy, both cooperative and monopolistic, has become an important drive in China’s current reform of macro governance policy. In order to promote its sustainable development, the most important thing for now is to cultivate the spirit of cooperation and promote the value of cooperative governance, while simultaneously restraining its monopolistic tendencies.