青年与老年急性心肌梗死的危险因素及临床特点对比分析

The comparative analysis of risk factors and clinical characteristics of acute myocardial infarction between young patients and elderly patients

目的分析青年和老年急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者患者的危险因素、临床特点的差异,为青年AMI患者制定合理的预防方案。方法选取100例AMI患者,年龄≤40岁的青年组36例,年龄≥60岁的老年组64例,回顾性分析两组的危险因素、临床特点。结果危险因素方面,青年组男性比例、吸烟、饮酒史和肥胖比例显著高于老年组(P<0.05);原发性高血压、糖尿病的发病率显著低于老年组(P<0.05);在家族史、血脂异常、睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(SAHS)方面,两组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。临床特点方面,青年患者多有典型的胸痛症状,多呈ST段抬高型MI(STE-MI),冠状动脉多为单支病变。结论青年AMI患者男性多见,吸烟、饮酒、肥胖是其突出的危险因素,冠状动脉多为单支病变,其胸痛症状较为典型。

Objective To analyze risk factors and clinical characteristics of acute myocardial infarction（AMI）in the young and the elderly patients and develop a reasonable prevention program for the youth. Methods Totally 100 AMI patients were divided into two groups： the young group aged≤40 years（36 cases） and the elderly group aged≥60 years（64 cases）. Then the study made retrospective analysis of risk factors and clinical features between the two groups. Results As for the risk factors, the male proportion, alcohol history proportion, somking history proportion and obese proportion in young group are significantly higher than those in the elderly group, P〈0.05;the morbidity of primary hypertension and diabetes in young group are significantly lower than those in the elderly group, P〈0.05;there were no significant differences between the two groups in family history, dyslipidemia and sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome（SAHS）, P〉0.05. As for the clinical characteristics, there are typical chest pain, electrocardiogram almost expressed as ST-segment elevation（STE-MI）and single coronary artery involved in the young group. Conclusion The young AMI patients are mostly male and smoking, drinking and obesity are prominent risk factors. They mostly have the typical chest pain and single coronary artery is involved.