稻油轮作机插秧水稻群体特征及产量形成机制研究

Study on the Population Characteristics and Yield Formation Mechanisms of Mechanically Transplanted Rice in a Rice/Rapeseed Rotation System

为阐明稻油轮作机插秧水稻产量构成特征和群体动态特征以及产量形成机制,2014年选用5个不同生育期水稻品种为材料,以冬闲稻田机插秧水稻群体(早播)为对照,对稻油轮作模式下机插秧水稻(晚播)产量及其产量构成、群体茎蘖动态、叶面积指数和干物质积累等特征进行了分析.结果表明,晚播机插水稻产量显著下降,但下降程度不等,生育期越长的品种下降幅度越大.晚播机插秧水稻穗粒数显著下降,有效穗、千粒质量变化差异无统计学意义.晚播处理叶面积指数、群体干质量等指标,拔节期较早播处理呈下降趋势,有效分蘖临界期、抽穗期表现因品种而异.抽穗期株型特征和源库特征研究表明,晚播处理株型更紧凑、比叶质量更高.晚播中熟品种叶面积指数、群体干质量和粒叶比更符合高产群体特征.

A field experiment was conducted in 2014 with 5 rice varieties differing in growth duration to study the characteristics of yield formation and population dynamics and mechanisms of yield formation in mechanically transplanted indica rice.With winter fallow field of mechanically transplanted rice（early seeding）as the control（CK）,the yield and yield-forming factors,number of population stem and tiller,leaf area index（LAI）and dry matter accumulation of the mechanically transplanted rice in a rice/rapeseed rotation system（late seeding）were investigated,and yielding formation mechanisms were also explored in respect of matter accumulation after transplanting and plant type at heading stage.With delay of seeding date,the grain yield of the five rice varieties all decreased significantly,but the yield decreasing range of different varieties varied：late-maturing medium rice varieties〉medium-maturing medium rice varieties〉early-maturing rice varieties.Different seeding dates had a significant influence on number of spikelets,but non-significant influence on 1000-grain weight and seed-bearing panicle number.Leaf area index and dry matter accumulation in ES were higher at the elongating stage but showed different results at the critical stage for effective tillers and after the booting stage.At the heading stage,LS had a more compact planttype and higher specific leaf weight.Especially medium-maturing rice varieties in LS showed better leaf area index and dry matter accumulation dynamic characteristics and greater grain-leaf ratio to form high yield.