我国页岩气开发的能源投入回报研究——以涪陵页岩气为例

Estimation of the Energy Return on Investment of China’s Shale Gas: A Case Study of Fuling Shale Gas

与常规天然气开采相比,页岩气开采增加了水力压裂过程,开采的能源投入也相应增加。页岩气开发、运输、存储过程中的甲烷泄漏远高于常规天然气,产生的温室效应更大,对气候变化影响显著。因此,页岩气开发的能源效率及其温室气体排放的影响成为需要深入研究的问题。文章从净能源角度,采用能源投入回报（EROI）方法,以涪陵页岩气为例,具体计算了页岩气生产的标准EROI（EROIstnd）,以及考虑生命周期温室气体排放治理的环境投入的EROI（EROIENI）。计算结果显示：页岩气的EROIstnd约为12.5,EROIENI约为8.3。通过EROI结果可以看出页岩气生产能源效率较高,同时,温室气体排放控制的环境投入对于EROI有较大的负面影响。政策建议为：政府应进一步加大页岩气扶持力度;控制页岩气开发过程中的损失;大力发展温室气体控制技术。

Compared with the conventional natural gas, shale gas exploitation increases the hydraulic fracturing process and corresponding energy inputs also increase. The amount of methane leakage in shale gas development, transportation and storage is much higher than that of conventional natural gas, resulting in much stronger greenhouse effect, which has a significant impact on climate change. Thus, the energy efficiency of shale gas production and the impact on greenhouse gas emissions have become issues that require further study. This paper uses the energy return on investment （EROI） method, taking fuling shale gas as an example, to estimate the energy efficiency of shale gas production in China. Our study calculates the EROIstnd （standard EROI） and EROIENI （EROI with consideration of the environmental input for controlling life-cycle GHG （greenhouse gas） emissions for shale gas production. The EROI results suggest that shale oil has an EROlstnd of 12.5 and an EROIENI of about 8.3. The EROI results suggest that the energy efficiency of shale gas production is relatively high, and environmental input of greenhouse gas emission control has a greater negative impact on EROI. Policy recommendations are as follows： the Government should further strengthen the support for shale gas, control the losses in shale gas production, and develop GHG control technology vigorously.