双平面胫骨高位截骨术治疗膝关节内侧间室骨关节炎

Effectiveness of double-plane high tibial osteotomy in treatment of medial compartment osteoarthritis

目的探讨双平面胫骨高位截骨术治疗膝关节内侧间室骨关节炎的疗效。方法回顾分析2014年1月—2017年1月采用双平面胫骨高位截骨术治疗的65例膝关节内侧间室骨关节炎患者临床资料。男28例,女37例;年龄46～75岁,平均53.2岁。左膝30例,右膝35例。病程3～7年,平均4.0年。患者均有不同程度膝关节内侧疼痛,行走困难。膝关节内侧挤压试验阳性。术后采用膝关节美国特种外科医院(HSS)评分以及膝关节学会评分系统(KSS)临床及功能评分评估膝关节功能,疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)评价疼痛程度。随访期间摄X线片,观察截骨愈合情况;测量股胫角(femur tibia angle,FTA)、胫骨后倾角(posterior tibial slope,PTS)、胫骨近端内侧角(medial proximal tibial angle,MPTA)以及膝关节内翻角(knee varus angle,KVA)。结果术后切口均Ⅰ期愈合;仅1例出现?趾麻木,对症处理后症状消失。患者均获随访,随访时间13～18个月,平均15.4个月。X线片复查示,术后12周时截骨处均达骨性愈合。术后各时间点MPTA、FTA、PTS及KVA与术前比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);术后1周、6个月及12个月间比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。随访期间内固定物无松动及断裂现象发生。术后12个月HSS评分以及KSS临床及功能评分均高于术前(P<0.05)。术后1周、6个月及12个月VAS评分显著低于术前(P<0.05)。结论双平面胫骨高位截骨术治疗膝关节内侧间室骨关节炎,可有效缓解疼痛症状、改善关节功能。

Objective To investigate the effectiveness of double-plane high tibial osteotomy in treatment of medial compartment osteoarthritis. Methods The clinical data of 65 patients with medial compartment osteoarthritis who were treated with double-plane high tibial osteotomy between January 2014 and January 2017 was retrospectively analyzed. There were 28 males and 37 females. The age ranged from 46 to 75 years with an average of 53.2 years. There were 30 cases in the left knee and 35 cases in the right knee. The disease duration was 3-7 years（mean, 4.0 years）. The patients had different degrees of pain in the knee joint and difficulty walking. The knee joint compression test was positive. The knee joint function was evaluated by Hospital for Special Surgery（HSS） score and knee society score（KSS）clinical and functional scores. The visual analogue scale（VAS） score was adopted to pain measurement. The healing of osteotomy was observed by X-ray films during follow-up; the femur tibia angle（FTA）, posterior tibial slope（PTS）, medial proximal tibial angle（MPTA）, and knee varus angle（KVA） were also calculated. Results All the incisions healed by first intention after operation. Only 1 case had numbness of the toe, and the symptoms disappeared after symptomatic treatment. All patients were followed up 13-18 months with an average of 15.4 months. X-ray examination showed that all patients had bone healing at 12 weeks after operation. There were significant differences in MPTA, FTA, PTS, and KVA between pre-and post-operation（P0.05）. There was no significant difference in above parameters among 1 week, 6 months,and 12 months after operation（P0.05）. There was no loosening and rupture of the fixator during the follow-up. The HSS score and KSS clinical and functional scores at 12 months after operation were significantly higher than those before operation（P0.05）. The VAS scores at 1 week, 6 months, and 12 months after operation were significantly lower than that before operation（P0.05）. Conclusion Double-plane high tibial osteotomy for medial compartment osteoarthritis can effectively relieve pain symptoms and improve joint function.