高等教育学的“学科”“领域”之争——基于知识社会学视角的考察

Higher Education as the Discipline or the Field:From the Perspective of Sociology of Knowledge

有关高等教育学身份属性的争论由来已久,潘懋元主张的"学科论"和阿特巴赫主张的"领域论"最具代表性。学科分类既是知识生产的客观需求,也是学者主动建构的结果,更深受文化传统和科学管理体制影响。中国高等教育研究受强制性学科专业目录影响,走的是学科化发展道路。美国学科专业目录的市场化和指导性特征,以及二战后跨学科研究兴起导致其高等教育研究的领域化生存状态。此外,"学科论"与"领域论"的争论还折射出中国高等教育学者面对西方学术霸权时的身份焦虑。发展中国高等教育学既要树立学科自信和文化自信,丰富和完善理论体系,更要增强现实解释力以及引领高等教育改革实践的适切性。

On the identity of higher education,there＇re two main opinions,Pan Maoyuan advocating the discipline of higher education,while Altbach treating it as the research field.Discipline classification is not only the objective demand of knowledge production,but also the result of scholars＇ initiative,which is deeply influenced by cultural tradition and scientific management system.Affected by China mandatory discipline and professional catalogue,it showed the disciplinary development.In contrast,under the marketization and directive characteristics of discipline catalogue and the rise of interdisciplinary research after World War II,it existed as a field in America.Besides,it also reflected the anxiety of Chinese scholars facing the western academic hegemony.Then in developing countries,it should establish self-confidence in discipline and culture;enrich and improve the theoretical system of higher education;in addition,strengthen the explanatory power of the reality of higher education and the appropriateness of leading higher education reform practice.