德国历史主义的两种形式及其内在问题

Two Forms of German Historicism and Their Inner Problems

以黑格尔和兰克为代表,德国历史主义表现出对法国启蒙主义的批判甚至反动。在批判的意义上,历史主义通过对历史意识的强调使理性被置于历史的逻辑之上,从而复活了一种鲜明的历史意识;在反动的意义上,历史主义依然将被启蒙所批判的神正论前提奉为历史的本体论基础,从而复活了一种保守主义。因此,在18—19世纪的思想史转向中,历史主义既有贡献,也有不足,这为唯物史观的创立奠定了厚实的思想史前提。

Represented by Hegel and Lanke,German historicism shows criticism and even reactionary to French Enlightenment. In the sense of criticism,historicism revives a distinct sense of history by emphasizing historical consciousness and putting reason above historical logic; in the sense of reaction,historicism still regards the theocratic premise criticized by enlightenment as the ontological basis of history,thus reviving conservatism. Therefore,in the turn of ideological history from the 18 th century to the 19 th century,historicism had both contributions and shortcomings,which laid a solid ideological and historical premise for the establishment of historical materialism.