为什么不生二孩:对城市一孩育龄人群的调查与分析

＂全面二孩＂政策的实施,在当代中国人口与计划生育领域开启了一个新的时代,也给家庭抚育带来了新的挑战和问题,生育二孩与否开始成为育龄人群和社会舆论关注的焦点。虽然近两年出生人口中,二孩的比例逐步上升,但仍未达到政策预期的高度。育龄人口中不生育二孩的原因是什么？生育第二个孩子对女性的职业生涯和职业发展会造成什么样的影响？而这种突出发生在女性身上的家庭-事业矛盾又会给女性的二孩生育意愿造成什么样的阻力？探讨并回答这些问题,便是组织此专题的主要目的。风笑天集中探讨了城市一孩育龄人群中,那些不愿意生育第二个孩子的夫妇所提供的主要原因。其结果发现,除了经济压力大、工作忙没有时间外,当事者主观上认为＂生一个孩子就很好＂是最重要的原因。李芬则围绕一孩育龄女性生育第二个孩子后对其职业的影响问题展开分析,指出女性生育对其后继的职业获得和职业流动将产生＂瘢痕效应＂,特别是将导致一些女性的职业中断,影响女性的职业发展。刘婷婷进一步将研究的焦点集中在育龄女性所面临的＂工作-家庭＂冲突对其二孩生育意愿的影响上。以上三篇文章研究的侧重点虽然不同,但都一致指出应重视育龄人群主观因素对其二孩生育意愿的影响,这也是本组专题研究结果实践意义和价值的体现。

The "two children" policy has opened up a new era in the field of population and family planning in contemporary China,and has brought new challenges and problems to the family.Feng Xiao-tian focuses on the main reasons that couples in urban childbearing age who were unwilling to have a second child.Taking 100 second-child mothers in Beijing as examples,Li Fen analyzes the impact of one child’s childbearing age on her career after giving birth to the second child.Liu Ting-ting further focuses on the impact of the"work-family"conflict faced by women of childbearing age on the second child’s fertility intention.Although the emphasis of these three papers is different,they all point out that we should pay attention to the influence of subjective factors on the second child’s fertility intention.