明清时期梨种植区域分布与栽培种类研究——基于《方志物产》的分析

The Regional Distribution and Cultivation Types of Pear in Ming and Qing Dynasties Based on "Local Chronicles Products"

明清时期《方志物产》中关于梨的记载共3360条,涉及梨的分布、名称、品种性状、栽培管理、储藏加工、商品贸易、梨文化等各方面。该时期除了黑龙江,全国其他21个省均有梨的记载,主要分布于黄河流域、长江流域,其次是东南、东北和西部地区。梨品种的记载高达2384次,主要栽培种类为白梨、砂梨、秋子梨和新疆梨,各种类均有优良品种。通过全面系统整理《方志物产》中梨史资料,并结合信息技术清晰呈现了明清时期全国范围内梨种植区域分布、栽培种类及白梨引种迁移路径,可为梨史资料的深入研究和其他物产的挖掘与应用提供借鉴。

There were 3360 records of pears in Ming and Qing Dynasties based on ＂Local Chronicles Products＂, which involved the distribution, name, variety, traits, cultivation management, storage and process- ing, commodity trade, and pear culture of pears. In addition to Heilongjiang, the other 21 provinces in the country have records of pears in this period, mainly distributed in the Yellow River Basin and the Yangtze Riv- er Basin, followed by the Southeast, Northeast and Western regions. The variety of pear has a record of 2,384; the cultivation types of pear are mainly divided into four major groups which including Chinese white pear, Chinese sand pear, Ussurian pear and Xinjiang pear, which all have excellent varieties. Through systematically sorting out the history data of pears in ＂Local Chronicles Products＂, and combining information technology, it clearly shows the nationwide regional distribution and cultivation types of pear, and the introduced migration path of White pears in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, it can provide reference for the in-depth study of pear history, as well as mining and application of other products.