新科技革命与劳动者阶层分化——马克思主义政治经济学视角的解读

The New Technological Revolution and Social Stratification——Interpretation from the Perspective of Marxist Political Economy

以新一代信息技术、大数据技术和智能制造为代表的新科技革命迅猛发展,世界经济进入新一轮增长期。技术进步极大地改变了生产关系,特别是改变了劳动者在生产过程中的相对地位,重塑了劳动者内部的阶层关系。本文运用马克思主义政治经济学基本原理,讨论新科技革命背景下生产力和生产方式的发展趋势,提炼总结“工业大数据”和“智能制造”的技术特征,并就技术特征变迁对劳动者地位造成的影响展开分析。结论表明,新技术应用对传统就业方式带来巨大冲击,劳动者内部阶层发生分化,低端劳动者“边缘化”和高端劳动者“核心化”同时发生,并由此带来“就业空心化”的不断加深。为此,应积极践行“以人民为中心”的发展理念,妥善处理好就业空心化所带来的劳动者收入差距扩大、劳资对立加剧等问题,旗帜鲜明地在新一轮全球科技浪潮中走出中国特色的产业发展道路和社会发展道路。

The New Technological Revolution is characterized by the new generation of information technology, big data technology and intelligent manufacturing. The economy of the world is experiencing a new round of growth in this revolution. The technological advance has greatly changed the production relations, the relative positions of the workers during production in particular and reshaped the hierarchical relations of the workers. Based on the basic principles of Marxist Political Economy, this study discusses the development trends of productivity and mode of production in the context of the New Technological Revolution, summarizes the technical characteristics of ＂industrial big data＂ and ＂intelligent manufacturing＂, and analyzes the impact of change of technical characteristics on workers＇ social status. The conclusions of this study show that application of new technology has had a big impact on the traditional employment. There has been a social stratification among the workers. ＂Marginalization＂ of low-end workers coincided with ＂Kemelization＂ of the high-end workers. Thus, ＂Hollowing Out＂ of employment is increasingly deepening. Therefore, the concept of ＂people-centered development＂ shall be actively implemented. The widening of income gap, worsening worker-management relations and other problems resulted from ＂Hollowing Out＂ of employment shall be properly dealt with. The industrial development with Chinese characteristics and social development of China shall be prominently promoted in the context of the new round of technological revolution.