人口密度、替代竞争与铁路客运业效率

Population Density,Alternative Competition and Efficiency of China's Railway Passenger Transportation

基于中国18个地方铁路局的数据,通过构建网络DEA模型,打开铁路客运过程的"黑箱",测算中国铁路客运业的效率。研究结果表明:样本期间内中国铁路客运业的总体效率虽稳步上升,但仍处于较低水平(0. 442),客运生产效率(0. 609)明显高于客运服务效率(0. 343);区域间铁路局的客运效率两极分化严重,东部地区铁路局客运生产效率虽高于西部地区铁路局,但服务效率不如后者;铁路业存在过度投资、重复建设的问题,缺少铁路工人而行政管理人员冗余;铁路客运业服务水平有待提高,且创收能力不足。

This paper opens the＂black box＂of railway passenger transportation by constructing a network DEA model and measures the efficiency of China’s railway passenger transportation industry based on the data of 18 local railway bureaus. The results show that during sample period,overall efficiency of China’s railway industry is rising steadily,but is still at a lower level（ 0. 442）. Passenger transportation efficiency（ 0. 609） is significantly higher than passenger service efficiency（ 0. 343）. Although the efficiency of passenger transport in the eastern railway bureaus is higher than that of the western railway bureaus,the service efficiency is not as efficient as that of the western railway bureaus. There are several problems in China railway industry such as over-investment,repeated construction,lack of railway workers and administrative personnel redundancy. Service level needs to be improved and income-generating capacity is insufficient.