党参产地加工及炮制研究进展

Research Progress of Processing in Production Place and Processing of Codonopsis Radix

党参是桔梗科多年生草本植物,具有健脾益肺、养血生津的功效,为临床常用中药。历经变迁,党参在山西、陕西、甘肃、四川及湖北等地形成主产区,各主产区因地制宜,形成了独特的产品规格、加工工艺和流程。关于党参炮制方法,清代以来的古代文献较少记载,2015年版《中国药典》及全国各省市炮制规范中关于党参炮制方法包括米炒党参、麸炒党参、土炒党参、蜜炙党参、炒党参及蒸制党参等。因党参的产地加工方法和炮制规范不尽相同,难以建立统一的饮片质量标准。本文通过查阅清代以来收载党参的书籍和部分2000年以后发表的相关文献,对党参的本草考证、产地加工现状以及炮制研究概况等方面进行了归纳和总结,为党参产地加工及炮制的进一步研究,特别是以党参米炒法为切入点的深入研究,提供有力的参考依据。

Codonopsis Radix is a perennial herb of Campanulaceae,it has the effect of invigorating the spleen and benefiting the lung, nourishing blood and producing fluid; and it is a common clinical Chinese medicine. After undergoing changing,Codonopsis Radix has formed major production areas in Shanxi,Shaanxi,Gansu,Sichuan and Hubei provinces, and each major producing area has taken measures according to local conditions,to form a unique product specification,processing technology and process. Regarding the processing methods of Codonopsis Radix,the ancient literature since the Qing dynasty rarely recorded,the 2015 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia and the processing norms of provinces and cities throughout the country mainly recorded fried Codonopsis Radix with rice,fried Codonopsis Radix with bran,fried Codonopsis Radix with honey,fried Codonopsis Radix,steamed Codonopsis Radix,and so on. Because the processing methods and processing norms of Codonopsis Radix are different from each other,it is difficult to establish a unified quality standard of Chinese medicinal pieces. This paper refers to the books of Codonopsis Radix collected since the Qing dynasty and the related partial literature published after 2000,which sums up and summarizes the textual research of Codonopsis Radix,the processing status of its producing area and the general situation of its processing research,and so on;it provides a powerful scientific basis for the further study on the processing in production place and processing of Codonopsis Radix,especially taking the method of frying Codonopsis Radix with rice as the breakthrough point.