金属配合物用于细胞内动态实时荧光示踪研究

Real-Time Luminescence Tracking in Living Cells with Metal Complexes

近年来金属配合物因其优异的光物理性质,如大的斯托克位移、好的光稳定性、长的荧光寿命以及双光子荧光性质等,在生物成像领域中引起了广泛关注,并被应用于细胞内动态变化的实时示踪研究。本文综述了近年来金属配合物对线粒体、溶酶体、脂滴、乏氧、pH、黏度、温度、极性等细胞内动态行为和演化过程的实时示踪研究。总结了金属配合物应用于细胞内动态实时示踪所需的条件,包括特异性、好的光稳定性和低细胞毒;同时结合金属配合物的光物理性质,对实时示踪过程中不同成像模式(单光子成像、多光子成像、荧光寿命成像)的优缺点进行了比较;最后,针对目前金属配合物荧光示踪应用中存在的一些问题,进行了分析和探讨。

Metal complexes possess outstanding photophysical properties, such as large Stokes shifts, good photostability, long luminescent lifetimes, two-photon luminescent properties and so on. During the past years, metal complexes have attracted intensive research interest in biological imaging for their excellent properties. Moreover, they also have been applied for real-time tracking the cellular dynamics during a series of biological events. In this review, the essential requirements of the metal complexes for cellular dynamic real-time tracking are summarized. The specificity, the good photostability and the low cytotoxicity of metal complexes are the key factors for real-time tracking. According to the optical properties, the imaging modes （single photon imaging, multiphoton imaging, luminescence lifetime imaging） of the metal complexes for real-time tracking are outlined. Furthermore, the advantages and disadvantages of the imaging modes during cellular real-time dynamic tracking are compared. As for the objects of real-time tracking, the article focuses on the organelles and the microenvironment factors. The real-time dynamic tracking of organelles （mitochondria, lysosomes, lipid droplets） and microenvironment factors （hypoxia, pH, viscosity, temperature, polarity） are detailed overviewed and systemized the related research directions. In the end, some existing problems and the challenges of the metal comolexes during real-time tracking are presented and discussed.