《神农本草经》“除寒热”药物的构成分析

Analysis of 'cold-heat removing' Chinese material medicines in Shennong Bencao Jing

文章围绕《神农本草经》106味具有"除寒热"作用的药物,对其三品及自然属性、药性特点、功效应用等进行了分析。三品分布按频次依次为下品、中品、上品,与《神农本草经》上品主养生,中品或养生或祛邪,下品主祛邪的思想一致。性味出现最多的是味苦、性寒凉者,其次为味苦、性平者,大量平性药的存在提示部分药物"除寒热"作用与调和气血、脏腑功能有关。上述药物中沿用至现代的66味常用药,遍涉中医八法用药,但以清热药、解表药、补虚药为多。《神农本草经》"除寒热"药物涉及众多具有恶寒发热表现的疾病的治疗,挖掘其药物应用规律,有利于丰富相关疾病的中药干预思路。

In this paper, 106 ＇cold-heat removing＇ Chinese material medicines within Shennong Bencao Jing are discussed by the aspects of three grades, natural qualities, medicinal properties, actions and applications. Most of those belonged to low-grade, and then middle-grade and top-grade, which much meet the theory of top-grade medicine keeping healthy, middlegrade both keeping healthy and removing pathogens, while low-grade removing pathogens. In the aspect of medicinal properties, the most are medicines with bitter and cold-cool nature, and secondly with bitter and mild nature, while mild natured medicine may remove cold-heat by regulating qi-blood, and functions of zang-fu organs. Sixty-six medicines are still used commonly in nowadays, and are involved in 8 therapeutic methods, with the top three categories are heat-clearing medicines, exterior syndrome relieving medicines and tonics. Medicines removing cold-heat within Shennong Bencao Jing are indicated to many different diseases with the phenomenon of aversion to cold and fever sensation, and may provide ideas in Chinese medicine therapy.