乾嘉移民与武陵山区人口结构革命

Qian-Jia Immigration and the demographic revolution in Wuling Mountains

改土归流前,武陵山区户口数量相对于周边地区偏低。伴随着清雍正乾隆年间"改流设府"、高产作物的大力引种以及土地政策的调整与推动,武陵山区迎来移民浪潮即乾嘉移民。乾嘉移民不仅带来了武陵山区户口猛增,而且还从根本上改变了旧籍居民和外来移民的人口比例,总体上说,旧籍居民和移民的比例大约为39. 32%、60. 56%。移民与旧籍居民比例的变化,以及伴随而来的经济结构、婚姻家庭、文化教育、生活习俗的变化,正是武陵山区"人口结构革命"的重要内容,也是武陵山区各民族之间交往、交流、交融具体而生动的体现。

Before the bureaucratization of native chieftains,the number of registered households in Wuling Mountains was lower than that in surrounding areas. With the abolishment of the chieftain system and the establishment of the local governments by the Central Government of the Qing dynasty,plus the adjustment of the land-use policy and the planting of high-yielding crops like potato,corn,sweet potato and others during the reign of Emperor Yongzheng and Emperor Qianlong of the Qing dynasty,Wuling Mountains saw a wave of immigration,called in history Qian-Jia Immigration which resulted in a great increase in permanent households and a dramatic change in the proportion of the previous permanent households and the immigrants,approximately 39. 32 % to 60. 56 %. This change ushered in other changes in the economic structure,marriage and family,culture,education,and customs,a mirror of the＂demographic revolution＂in Wuling Mountains as well as a concrete and vivid manifestation of exchanges and fusion among different ethnic groups there.