以“科学和工程实践”视角分析高中化学教科书

Analysis of Senior High School Chemistry Textbooks from the Perspective of Science and Engineering Practice

以"科学和工程实践"的8大环节和学习者主体性2个维度建立模型,分析上海科学技术出版社出版的高中化学教科书中的实践活动。发现此教科书中的实践十分注重分析环节,能较好发挥学生主体性的环节有:科学实践中的分析解释数据环节;工程实践中的建模、计划、实施调查等环节。但总体上工程实践不足,无论科学实践还是工程实践,在提出问题、设计步骤这2个环节上学生过于被动。据此认为,在化学教科书实践活动的修改或教学优化上,应增强学生的主动性,除了要开展科学探究活动,也要适当增加工程设计等活动。

This paper established the model with 2 dimensions of the 8 aspects of＂science and engineering practice＂and learner＇s subjectivity,analyzed the practical activities in high school chemistry textbooks published by Shanghai Science and Technology Press,and found that this textbooks paid great attention to the practice of analysis,gave full play to students＇ subjectivity to analyze and interpret data better and scientifically,and to model,plan and implement investigations in engineering practice.But on the whole,the engineering practice was seriously insufficient.No matter the scientific practice or the engineering practice,the students were too passive in asking questions and designing steps.Therefore,we should strengthen the initiative of students in the revision or teaching optimization of chemistry textbooks,in addition to carrying out scientific research activities,we should also appropriately increase the activities of engineering design.