说明义务的类型化与知情同意权否定论:兼及意志自主如何保护

Classifying the Duty to Inform and Denying the Right to Informed Consent:The Typological Approach to Protecting Autonomy

医疗服务人的说明义务性质并非单一,不同说明义务对应的患者法益各异,知情同意权范畴必将混淆不同的法律关系。在说明过失案型,保护的法益系身体权,知情同意当定位为抗辩机制(违法阻却事由)。意志自主当以类型化方式保护,不能将诸如"自我决定权"这样以纯粹意志自主为内容的权利阑入权利体系。"侵害患者知情同意权责任纠纷"案由应修正为"患者知情同意纠纷"。

Rather than serving as the content of a special personality right （besonderes Pers nlichkeitsrecht）, patient＇s informed consent should be classified as a defense mechanism which be used to preclude the illegality of intentional touching of other person＇s body. As to the protection of autonomy, a teleological reduction method should be adopted by classifying autonomy under different types of legal interests. The cause of action of ＂Dispute over infringing patients＂ right to informed consent^should be modified as ＂Dispute over patients^informed consent＂.