清华教职员群体规模与流动研究(1925—1952)

A Study on Size and Mobility of the Staff in Tsinghua University(1925-1952): A Quantitative Analysis on Staff Directory

教职员是大学开展教研活动的基本力量,其规模与流动水平不仅与大学办学成效密切相关,甚至关系到国家的整体高教和人才培养水平。以民国时期清华大学为个案,通过交叉比对并量化分析历年该校的《教职员录》等史料发现:一方面,清华教职员存在着高流动性。多数的助教、教员等初级教师,因需要出国留学或进修而离职,体现出追求上升的整体和规律性流动;1937年全面抗战的爆发和1952年的"院系调整"等重要外部性政治、军事事件更几乎造成了教职员群体的大换血。另一方面,若排除外部政治等因素,教职员的自主性流动相对有限,校方发起的辞退更是少之又少。总体而论,在高职业流动性的表象下,清华大学也拥有稳定的核心骨干教职员群体,并在二十多年里形成了两代甚至三代新老学者学脉赓续、薪火相传的状况,这为理解民国清华的办学经验提供了新视角。

Staff are the core for university teaching and research development.The population and mobility of university employees not only have an impact on the university achievements,but also on the national talent development.This case study focuses on Tsinghua University in Republic of China and analyzes its Staff Directories using quantitative approach.First of all,the results showed the extremely high level of mobility among Tsinghua staff.All the junior staff left Tsinghua to study abroad for promotion.Besides,political or military events such as the Anti-Japanese War（1937-1945）and the reorganization of higher education system in 1952,also had greater impact on the mobility.Second,other than political and military events,the mobility of senior staff was limited,and it was unusual for university to fire staff.In general,the group of Tsinghua employees in Republic of China was quite stable,which facilitated the formation of Tsinghua scholars in two or more generations.This study on the mobility of university employees provides us a new view to understand Tsinghua＇s achievements in Republic of China.